Holovnymi Političeskimi Pnrtijami v Sojed. Štatach sčitajutsja: 1) Partija Respublikanskaja i 2) Partija Demokratičeskaja.

Peršaja iz nich byla osnovana v 1854-m roku. Jej holovnoj ciliju bylo oslabiti rabstvo (nevoľu) negrov vo južnych štatach.

Peršym kandidatom partiji v Prezidenty byl John C. Fremont, no ne ostal vybrannym. Abraham Lincoln byl peršym sčastlivym kandidatom Respublikanskoj partiji, ibo ostal vybrannym v Prezidenty v 1860-m roku.

Jeho rozumnaja robota v Prezidentskom urjaďi tak utverdila silu sej partiji, čto ona ostala v panovaniji cilyj čas do 1884-ho roka (t. j. v protjahu 24 rokiv). Do nyňi sija partija stratila vybory svojich kandidatov v Prezidenty toľko s 1884 po 1888 roki; i s 1892 po 1896 roki, a takož meždu 1912 i 1920 rokarni i v 1932 r. Šije pokazujet, čto za posľidniji 71 rokiv Respublikanska Partija potrafila mati svojich Prezidentov v protjahu 55 rokiv.

Demokraty za siji 71 rokiv byli v siľi toľko pri 4 vyborach i panovali toľko 16 rokiv, koli Prezidentami byli Klivland i Wilson, i nyn’i, pri Prezid. Ruzeveľti.

Holovnvji točki nauki Respublikanskoj Partiji: 1) Energičnoje nacionaľnoje Praviteľstvo; 2) Hlavenstvo nacionaľnoj Konstituciji nad štatnymi kostitucijami; 3) Vysokij (ochraniteľnyj) podatkovyj tarif na inostrannyji tovary dľa ochrany Amerikanskich tovarov ot kompeticiji s nimi inostrannych tovarov.

Druhaja holovaja Političeskaja Partija — Demokratičeskaja. Ona osnovana byla Fomoj Jeffersonom, treťim Prezidentom Sojedinennych Štatov.

On byl demokrat ne toľko v teoriji, no i na praktiki . . . Jeho rozvaha o pravleniju: “the world is governed too much,” i čto “that government is best which governs least.” Virujuči v prava i silu naroda v samoupravleniji, Jefferson revnostno zasčisčal Prava Štatov protiv vtorženija v ich d’ila i upravlenije Federaľnoho Praviteľstva i jeho konstituciji.

Čto-sja kasaje tarifa, to Demokraty smotrjat na nebo s takoj točki zrinija: “The Party favors revision and reduction of import duties and the placing of articles entering into competition with trust-controlled products upon the free list, preventing in this manner private monopolies under the plea of protection.“

Demokratičeskaja Partija takož “is committed to the defence of the inalienable rights of the individual and to local self-government. . . ”

Ne vzirajuči na sije, Partija sija, jak vidime, ne mala velikoho uspicha v žiťju narodnom. Nvn’i ona nachoditsja na posľidnem ispytaniji so svojim “New Deal”-om.

Vidimym simvolom (maľunkom) Respublikanskoj Partiji jesť sloň (Elephant), a Demokratičeskoj Partiji—Osel—Somar (Donkey).

Jesli viriti slovam senatora Bleasa, to siji dvi partiji majut svoimi simvolami osla i sloňa pro sľdujusčeje:

The Democrats have used the donkey as a party symbol ever since U. S. Grant said the country could always count on the Democrats doing the wrong thing at the wrong time—in other words, that they were always making asses of themselves.

“And the Republicans use the elephant because it represents a big old numbskull, of low intelligence, who is easily trained and will obey orders doccilely. ”

Another and more official account, however, contends that Thomas Nast, famous cartoonist, originated both symbols.—Nast was said to have first pictured the Democrats as a donkey in 1870 in a cartoon picturing a donkey kicking at the fallen figure of E. M. Stanton, a cabinet officer, who had just died. The cartoon was labelled: “A live jackass kicking a dead lion.” It was four years later that Nast was said to have firstdepicted the Republicans in the role o fan elephant.